電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)(qi)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力系統(tong)中主要用(yong)于(yu)無(wu)功補(bu)償(chang)、限制短路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流、移相等。目前電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力系統(tong)中所采(cai)取的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)(qi)常見的有串聯(lian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)(qi)和(he)并聯(lian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)(qi)。并聯(lian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)(qi),在(zai)超高(gao)壓遠(yuan)距(ju)離(li)輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)中,用(yong)于(yu)補(bu)償(chang)線(xian)路的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容性充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流,限制系統(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓升高(gao)和(he)操作(zuo)過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓,主要起到穩定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的作(zuo)用(yong);串聯電抗器,安裝在電容器回路中,在其投入運行時起抑制合閘涌流的作用并可以抑制諧波。
由河南施(shi)博(bo)爾電力科技有限公司(si)自主研(yan)發(fa)的新(xin)型XT-MCR磁控電抗器式無功補償裝置的調節對提高電力系統運行性能有著明顯的作用。可控電抗器的應用,其容量隨傳輸功率的大小而變化,防止線路一側開關切合所產生的操作過電壓和相應的暫態振蕩過電壓,從而減少電網損耗,提高系統穩定性。
該(gai)磁(ci)控電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗器具有容量連續可調、免維護(hu)、可靠(kao)性(xing)高、產生諧波小等(deng)一系(xi)(xi)列優點,可直接接入高壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang),平滑的(de)(de)調節系(xi)(xi)統無功(gong)、提高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)合(he)格率、減少輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)損耗和(he)提高系(xi)(xi)統穩定(ding)性(xing)。在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)中采用這種可控電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗器,會極大改善(shan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)無功(gong)潮流和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)自動控制能力,大幅(fu)度地提高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能力,對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)安全、穩定(ding)運(yun)行起到保障作用,同時還降(jiang)低了投資,是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)理想的(de)(de)動態無功(gong)補償(chang)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)調節裝(zhuang)置。
目前,行業(ye)中基于TCR的高壓靜止型動態無功補償裝置在電力系統中得到了大量的應用,以降低高壓負載產生的無功沖擊,改善電網電壓波動,提高電網功率因數,是一種技術含量高、經濟效益顯著的新型節能裝置。
但TCR的高壓靜止型動態無功補償裝置也存在如下不足:由于晶閘管閥制造水平的限制,其不能直接應用在35kV以上的高壓電力系統中,須通過降壓變壓器接在高電壓等級線路中;TCR能帶來大量諧波,須附加濾波裝置;晶閘管閥需要準確的控制和過于復雜的保護裝置,且TCR控制存在死區;晶閘管用來提供全補償,但高壓晶閘管十分昂貴;脈波數大于12的TCR過于復雜且價格很高,其觸發控制精度不夠高,脈波數大于12的TCR還沒有大量投入實際使用。
而(er)磁控電抗(kang)器(MCR) MCR和TCR雖然某些功能相似,但MCR可靠性更高,安裝、維護簡單,減少了開關操作次數,運行時間長,比較經濟,電能質量控制效率高,控制范圍大,可有效地減少功率損失,提高電網運行穩定性。
施(shi)博爾電(dian)力在(zai)XT-MCR磁控電抗器式無功補償裝置技術逐漸成熟。MCR在工況條件下內部損耗僅為TCR系統的1/2,通過國外部分國家在電力企業的應用,可發現新型的MCR,可自動平滑地控制20kV到1150kV的輸電系統,容量可達500MVAR。在國家大電網的建設中,可靠性、效率、穩定性以及節能是核心技術,新型的MCR技術特別適用于長線路超高壓交流線路。
MCR磁控電抗器式無(wu)功(gong)補償裝置(zhi)在技(ji)術及性(xing)價比方面,具(ju)有顯(xian)著(zhu)的優(you)點,它也(ye)可(ke)以用(yong)在同步調相器和SVC上。由于其(qi)具(ju)有的可(ke)靠性(xing)、高(gao)效率、經濟性(xing)等(deng)顯(xian)著(zhu)優(you)點,其(qi)勢(shi)必在未(wei)來會有更(geng)廣泛的應用(yong)。