智(zhi)能(neng)建筑(zhu)中(zhong)(zhong)諧波(bo)主要來自于大(da)量(liang)非線(xian)性負荷形成的(de)諧波(bo)源，比如(ru)計(ji)算(suan)機(ji)系統(tong)、開關電(dian)源、電(dian)子式(shi)熒光整流器等導致配電(dian)系統(tong)的(de)電(dian)壓(ya)、電(dian)流發生畸變(bian)，進而產(chan)生諧波(bo)，除此之(zhi)外，公用電(dian)網(wang)本(ben)身就有的(de)諧波(bo)含量(liang)，以及配電(dian)變(bian)壓(ya)器產(chan)生的(de)諧波(bo)等v也(ye)都到了智(zhi)能(neng)建筑(zhu)中(zhong)(zhong)。

純電(dian)容無功補償元件(jian)改造方案

以(yi)上兩種精準計(ji)算(suan)補償容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)的(de)(de)辦法，都是基于負荷的(de)(de)大小和(he)功(gong)率因數來計(ji)算(suan)的(de)(de)，但(dan)大多數時候這(zhe)些(xie)(xie)值并不能準確的(de)(de)測量(liang)，所以(yi)有(you)經驗的(de)(de)工(gong)程師(shi)一(yi)(yi)般根據變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)和(he)電(dian)動機功(gong)率，估算(suan)一(yi)(yi)個大概(gai)的(de)(de)補償值。一(yi)(yi)般如果(guo)(guo)負載是變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)話，大概(gai)取(qu)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)的(de)(de)30%進(jin)行補償，比如案例(li)中(zhong)，變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)為800kVA，則(ze)需要補償的(de)(de)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)QC=800*30%=240Kvar。一(yi)(yi)般來說，30%是比較穩妥的(de)(de)經驗值，如果(guo)(guo)是工(gong)業用(yong)(yong)戶，還可(ke)以(yi)比30%稍(shao)微高一(yi)(yi)點兒；如果(guo)(guo)是民用(yong)(yong)，則(ze)30%的(de)(de)值稍(shao)微有(you)些(xie)(xie)偏高了(le)（當然，土豪請忽略），這(zhe)個時候可(ke)以(yi)對(dui)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)進(jin)行分組，有(you)些(xie)(xie)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)作為備用(yong)(yong)暫不投入使用(yong)(yong)就可(ke)以(yi)啦。

此外，對(dui)具(ju)有(you)正反(fan)轉(zhuan)起動(dong)的場合，應把補(bu)償(chang)(chang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)接到接觸器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)頭(tou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)進線側，這雖能使電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)隨電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)的運(yun)行而投入。但當接觸器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)剛(gang)斷開時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)會向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)繞組放電(dian)(dian)(dian)，引(yin)起電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)自激(ji)產(chan)生(sheng)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，這也有(you)不(bu)妥之處。若將(jiang)補(bu)償(chang)(chang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)接于電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)側，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)停運(yun)時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)網仍向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)供給電(dian)(dian)(dian)流，造(zao)成電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)負(fu)擔加重(zhong)，產(chan)生(sheng)不(bu)必要(yao)的損耗。