電(dian)(dian)(dian)網輸出的(de)(de)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)包括兩部分(fen);一(yi)是有(you)功(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv);二(er)是無功(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv).直接消耗電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng),把(ba)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)轉變為機(ji)械(xie)能(neng)(neng)(neng),熱(re)能(neng)(neng)(neng),化學能(neng)(neng)(neng)或(huo)聲能(neng)(neng)(neng),利用這些能(neng)(neng)(neng)作功(gong)(gong),這部分(fen)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)稱(cheng)為有(you)功(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv);不(bu)消耗電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng);只是把(ba)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)轉換(huan)(huan)為另一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)形式的(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng),這種(zhong)(zhong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)作為電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣設備能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠作功(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)必備條件,并且,這種(zhong)(zhong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)是在電(dian)(dian)(dian)網中與電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)進行(xing)周期性轉換(huan)(huan),這部分(fen)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)稱(cheng)為無功(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv),如(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁元件建立(li)磁場(chang)占用的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng),電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器建立(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)所占的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng).

電力(li)中無功補償(chang)元器件在電力(li)系統的作用和結構

另外(wai)由于可(ke)控硅(gui)的(de)觸發次數(shu)沒(mei)有(you)限制，可(ke)以(yi)實(shi)現準動態(tai)補償(chang)（響應(ying)時間在毫秒(miao)級），因此適(shi)用(yong)于電容器的(de)頻繁(fan)投(tou)切，非常(chang)適(shi)用(yong)于頻繁(fan)變(bian)化的(de)負荷情況，相對于交流接觸器有(you)了質的(de)飛躍。可(ke)控硅(gui)開關的(de)缺點是結構(gou)復(fu)雜(za)、體積大、損耗大、成本高、可(ke)靠(kao)性差，優點是能實(shi)現過(guo)零投(tou)切、動作(zuo)迅速、反應(ying)快，多用(yong)于動態(tai)補償(chang)的(de)場合，而不(bu)適(shi)用(yong)于常(chang)規低壓(ya)電容器投(tou)切的(de)無功補償(chang)裝(zhuang)置中。

變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站補償：針對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網的(de)無功平衡，在變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站進行集中補償，補償裝置包括并聯電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)、同步調相機、靜(jing)止補償器(qi)等，主要目的(de)是平衡電(dian)(dian)(dian)網的(de)無功功率，改善電(dian)(dian)(dian)網的(de)功率因(yin)數(shu)，提高系(xi)統終端變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)所的(de)母線電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，補償變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站主變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)和高壓(ya)(ya)輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)線路(lu)的(de)無功損耗。這些補償裝置一般集中接在變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站10kV母線上，因(yin)此具有管(guan)理容易、維(wei)護方便等優點，缺點是這種(zhong)補償方式對(dui)10kV配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網的(de)降(jiang)損不(bu)起作(zuo)用。