在實際的電源系統中，大多數負載是異步電動機。等效電路可以看作是電阻和電感的串聯電路，電壓和電流之間的相位差大，功率因數低。天津電容器組并聯后，電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器的電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)將(jiang)抵消一部分電(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，從而(er)使電(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)減小(xiao)，總電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)相(xiang)應減小(xiao)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)之間(jian)的相(xiang)位差變小(xiao)，從而(er)提高了功率(lv)因數(shu)。

電動機、變壓器杜絕輕載運行。針對負荷小于40%額定功率的電動機，天津電容器組在滿足其啟動條件和穩(wen)定工作等(deng)硬性條件下，可以(yi)更換小容量的(de)電(dian)機(ji)，或(huo)者將電(dian)動機(ji)接線采用星(xing)型接法。針(zhen)對(dui)平均(jun)負荷小于30%的(de)變壓器，可以(yi)更換成小容量的(de)變壓器，或(huo)者調整參數負荷。

無功補償，全稱無功功率補償，是一種改善電源系統中電網功率因數，減少電源變壓器和輸電線路損耗，提高電源效率并改善功率的技術，改善供電環境的技術。因此，天津電容器組在電源系統中處于必不可少且非常重要的位置。合理選擇電力電容器組可(ke)(ke)以最大程(cheng)度地(di)減少(shao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網損耗，提高電(dian)(dian)(dian)網質(zhi)量。相反，選擇或使用不當可(ke)(ke)能會導致(zhi)許多因素，例如(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源系統，電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓波動和諧波增加(jia)。詳細介紹(shao)了無功補償(chang)的(de)基本原理，意義(yi)，切換方法，電(dian)(dian)(dian)路，控制器，高低壓設備，補償(chang)方法以及存在的(de)問(wen)題。

電力電容器組中的(de)(de)(de)投切開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)具有特(te)殊的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁過(guo)(guo)零(ling)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)技術。 過(guo)(guo)零(ling)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)偏移小于2.5。 開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)浪涌電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)小于額(e)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)2.5倍(bei)。 智能控制單元通(tong)過(guo)(guo)在(zai)斷(duan)開(kai)(kai)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)動態和(he)靜態觸點(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)檢測(ce)(ce)兩端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)來控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)(de)零(ling)交叉點(dian)的(de)(de)(de)閉合(he)：通(tong)過(guo)(guo)在(zai)投切開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)動態和(he)靜態觸點(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)檢測(ce)(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)來控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)閉合(he)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，控制其(qi)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)零(ling)點(dian)處斷(duan)開(kai)(kai)以實現(xian)“過(guo)(guo)零(ling)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)”功能，使低壓(ya)功率(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)投入運行時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)產生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)浪涌電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)很小，并且沒有返回(hui)低壓(ya)功率(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)會產生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧，從而(er)延長(chang)了低壓(ya)功率(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)和(he)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)設備(bei)本身的(de)(de)(de)壽命，還減少了開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)設備(bei)接(jie)通(tong)和(he)關(guan)(guan)閉時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網的(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響：提高了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能質量。

因為電力電容器組但是其經濟效果較差，因為只能補償6~10KV電源方向上產生的無功功率和所有向該母線供電的線路上的無功功率，而對于負荷方向的電網并沒有無功補償效果。高壓集中補償雖然對本企業的技術經濟效益較差，電力電容器組批發但從整體上(shang)完善了(le)地區電網，提高了(le)區域(yu)大電網的功(gong)率因(yin)數，所以至今仍是城市及大中型工礦企(qi)業(ye)采(cai)用的主要(yao)無功(gong)補償方式。